Sleep Deprivation in College: A Hidden Academic Crisis

~ Good grades start with good sleep

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The college experience provides students with a great platform to learn and acquire knowledge. However, a potential obstacle to maximizing success for many students is the high prevalence of daytime sleepiness and irregular sleep schedules. Sleepiness is defined as the inability or difficulty in maintaining alertness during the major wake period of the day, resulting in unintended lapses into drowsiness or sleep.

Regulation of Normal Sleep:

The primary factors regulating sleep in the body include the homeostatic sleep drive and the circadian rhythm. The circadian system, also known as the internal clock, helps regulate sleep/wake cycles and hormonal secretions, while the homeostatic sleep drive increases the need for sleep as wakefulness lengthens. The typical adult circadian period is 24.1 hours, compared to an adolescent’s circadian period of 24.27 hours. This change is attributed to shifts in sleep patterns. Adolescents have a delayed circadian preference and are “night owls.” They stay up late but must wake up early for class, which cuts down on adequate sleep. They often compensate by sleeping longer on weekends, which further contributes to the delayed circadian rhythm.

-Regulation of Normal Sleep

Causes of Sleepiness:

One of the most common causes of daytime sleepiness among college students is sleep deprivation, i.e., going to bed late and waking up early. In addition, sleep disorders may also contribute. Sleep hygiene refers to habits that promote restorative rest; poor sleep hygiene may result from alcohol, caffeine, energy drinks, stimulants, and use of technology before bed.

-Causes of Sleep Deprivation

Consequences of Sleep Deprivation:

Sleepiness from any cause during college hours can undermine the optimal use of time and money through its effects on learning, memory, mood, and even mental health. Although many students have a nocturnal preference, this can progress to delayed sleep-phase disorder (DSPD), a circadian rhythm disorder characterized by sleep-onset insomnia and difficulty waking at the desired time. Another concern related to sleep deprivation is drowsy driving. Persistent lack of sleep is also linked to the development of depression.

-Symptoms of Sleep Deprivation

Conclusion:

College years mark a crucial shift from adolescence into adulthood, and for many students, this phase comes with poor sleep and daytime drowsiness. This chronic sleep deprivation may impair academic performance, mood regulation, and driving safety. It is important for universities and colleges to recognize that their policies and class schedules significantly influence students’ sleep, academic success, and overall well-being.

References:

Hershner SD, Chervin RD. Causes and consequences of sleepiness among college students. Nat Sci Sleep. 2014 Jun 23;6:73-84. doi: 10.2147/NSS.S62907. PMID: 25018659 ; PMCID: PMC4075951.